Situated in the valley of Turrite Secca, at the point in which this river flows into the Serchio, 270 meters above sea level, Castelnuovo Garfagnana (6,100 inhabitants) is the historical capital of the Garfagnana.  

Documented in the eighth century, Castelnuovo Garfagnana assumed importance since the thirteenth century, in the fourteenth century Lucca, to which belonged encircled it by walls. In 1429 Castelnuovo became the possession of the Este family, who elected it as capital of theirs possessions in Garfagnana. Among the governors of the Este family who lived in Castelnuovo Garfagnana there is also the famous poet Ludovico Ariosto, who was governor between 1522 and 1525. 

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